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release time:2023-07-10
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The electromotive force is the difference between the equilibrium electrode potentials of two electrodes. Take Lead–acid battery as an example, E= Ф+ 0- Ф- 0+RT/F * In( α H2SO4/ α H2O).
Among them: E - electromotive force
Ф+ 0- Standard electrode potential of the positive electrode, with a value of 1.690V
Ф- 0- Negative standard electrode potential, with a value of -0.356V
R - general Gas constant, whose value is 8.314
T - temperature, related to the temperature at which the battery is located
F - Faraday constant, its value is 96485
α H2SO4- The activity of sulfuric acid, which is related to the concentration of sulfuric acid
α H2O - Activity of water, related to sulfuric acid concentration
It can be seen from the above formula that the standard electromotive force of Lead–acid battery is 1.690- (-0.0.356)=2.046V, so the nominal voltage of the battery is 2V. The electromotive force of Lead–acid battery is related to temperature and sulfuric acid concentration.
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