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　　The new energy vehicle battery pack is composed of multiple batteries. For a typical battery pack, there are about 96 batteries. For lithium -ion batteries that are charged to 4.2V, such battery packs can generate total voltage of more than 400V. Although the automotive power system regards the battery pack as a single high -voltage battery, and each time the entire battery pack is charged and discharged, the battery control system must consider each battery independently. If a battery capacity in the battery pack is slightly lower than other batteries, after multiple charging/discharge cycles, its charging status will gradually deviate from other batteries. If the charging status of this battery has no periodic balance with other batteries, it will eventually enter the depth discharge state, which will cause damage and eventually form a battery pack failure. To prevent this, the voltage of each battery must be monitored to determine the charging state. In addition, there must be a device for the battery to charge or discharge separately to balance the charging status of these batteries.

　　An important consideration of a battery pack monitoring system is the communication interface. As far as the communication in the PC board is concerned, the commonly used options include serial peripheral interface (SPI) bus and I2C bus. The communication overhead of each bus is very low, which is suitable for a low interference environment. Another option is the controller local network (CAN) bus, which is widely used in automotive applications. The CAN bus is very robust, with error detection and fault tolerance characteristics, but its communication overhead is very large, and the material cost is also very high. Although the connection from the battery system to the car owner CAN bus is worth it, it is advantageous to use SPI or I2C communication in the battery pack.

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