Which is better, the ternary polymer lithium battery or the lithium iron phosphate battery?

　　(1) With the rapid development of new energy vehicles in recent years and the national emphasis on new energy, Xiao Bian has also seen more and more new energy vehicles on the road, and more and more attention has been paid to power batteries. The core technology of new energy vehicles is the battery that provides energy. The battery's endurance and charging speed are the bottlenecks of battery technology development. Power battery is divided into chemical battery, physical battery and biological battery. Electric vehicles use chemical batteries, which are the source of driving energy. Structurally, they can be divided into batteries and fuel cells. Batteries are usually referred to as rechargeable batteries. Lithium ion battery is undertaking the important task of electric vehicle mileage due to its high energy density and long cycle life. After years of development, ternary lithium and lithium iron phosphate are the two mainstream technology directions, which have been widely promoted and applied.

　　(2) In contrast, ternary lithium batteries are the most frequently used of the two types. What is the difference between the two batteries? Lithium iron phosphate battery refers to the lithium ion battery with lithium iron phosphate as the cathode material. This battery is characterized by the absence of precious metal elements (such as cobalt). In practical application, lithium iron phosphate battery has the advantages of high temperature resistance, high safety and stability, low price, and good cycling performance. The price of raw materials is low, and the soil is rich in phosphorus and iron. Representative models include BYD E6, BYD Qin, BYD Tang, etc. Ternary lithium battery refers to the lithium battery with lithium nickel cobalt manganate as the cathode material and graphite as the cathode material. Generally, lithium batteries using lithium nickel cobalt manganate or lithium nickel cobalt aluminate ternary cathode materials adjust the proportions of nickel salt, cobalt salt and manganese salt as three different components, so they are called "ternary", including many batteries with different proportions. The voltage plateau of ternary materials is higher than that of lithium iron phosphate. The higher the voltage platform, the greater the specific capacity. With the same volume or weight, or even the same ampere hour battery, the ternary lithium battery with a higher voltage platform has a longer range. The ternary lithium battery also has great advantages in high rate charging and low temperature resistance. However, the reserves of cobalt element required by ternary lithium batteries in China are small, and most of them are imported from abroad. Due to market fluctuations, the cost of ternary lithium batteries is relatively high. Representative models include BAIC New Energy ev200, BAIC New Energy eu260, Tesla 3, etc.

　　(3) The service life of lithium iron phosphate battery and ternary lithium battery In terms of battery service life, lithium iron phosphate has more advantages than ternary lithium battery in terms of recycling efficiency. Under the experimental conditions, 84% of the residual capacity of lithium iron phosphate battery after 5000 cycles and 66% of the residual capacity of ternary lithium battery after 3900 cycles were compared in terms of cycle life. Lithium iron phosphate battery has more obvious advantages. In terms of cycle life, the actual life of lithium iron phosphate battery is much longer than that of ternary lithium battery. At the same cycle times, the residual capacity of lithium iron phosphate battery is much larger than that of ternary lithium battery. At low temperature (below - 10 ℃), lithium phosphate battery will decay quickly. After less than 100 charging and discharging cycles, the battery capacity will be reduced to 20% of the initial capacity, which is basically insulated from the use in cold regions; The ternary lithium battery has excellent low-temperature performance and can maintain normal battery capacity at - 30 ℃, which is more suitable for the use conditions in the northern low-temperature areas. Safety performance of lithium iron phosphate battery and ternary lithium battery Under high temperature conditions, ternary materials of ternary lithium battery decompose at 200 ℃, generating violent chemical reaction, releasing oxygen atoms, and are very easy to burn or explode under high temperature. The decomposition temperature of lithium phosphate battery is 800 ℃, which is not easy to ignite, and has high temperature adaptability and safety. Both batteries will decompose when they reach a certain temperature. The decomposition temperature of lithium iron phosphate battery is higher than that of ternary lithium battery, but this does not determine that the safety of ternary lithium battery is poor. The safety design of power battery system can be improved through power connection structure, thermal management design, battery management system and other systems.

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