Lithium ion battery

　　Lithium ion battery was first introduced to the market by Sony Corporation of Japan in 1990. It is the latest generation of rechargeable battery system in the world. Compared with nickel hydrogen battery, the use of lithium ion battery in hybrid electric vehicles can reduce the quality of the battery system by 40%~50%, the volume by 20%~30%, and greatly improve the energy efficiency. Nowadays, most new energy vehicles use lithium ion batteries to supply power, such as BMWi3, Tesla ModelS, etc.

　　Lithium ion batteries can be divided into lithium manganate battery, lithium iron phosphate battery and nickel cobalt lithium ion battery according to different cathode materials. The second generation battery pack used by most new energy vehicles is lithium iron phosphate battery, which is also the development direction of lithium ion batteries in the future.

　　Advantages of lithium ion battery:

　　(1) The working voltage is high, which is 3 times of that of nickel hydrogen and nickel cadmium batteries;

　　(2) High specific energy, three times of that of nickel cadmium battery and 1.5 times of that of nickel hydrogen battery;

　　(3) Long cycle life, its cycle life can reach more than 1000 times, and can reach tens of thousands of times under low discharge depth, surpassing other secondary batteries;

　　(4) The self discharge rate is low. The self discharge rate of lithium ion battery is only 6%~8%, which is far lower than that of nickel cadmium battery and nickel hydrogen battery.

　　(5) No memory, no pollution, shaping at will. Disadvantages of lithium ion battery:

　　(6) The cost is high, lower than that of nickel hydrogen battery, equal to that of nickel cadmium battery, but higher than that of lead-acid battery.

　　(7) There must be a special protective circuit to prevent overcharge.

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